Within a narrow span of five years, foreign debt has more than tripled! As per data from Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the total external commercial borrowings – i.e. loans granted by non-resident entities to eligible Indian borrowers in foreign currency is clocking 60 billion USD annually.
External Commercial Borrowings (ECB) refers to the debt shouldered by an Indian entity from external sources, i.e. from any recognized entity outside India. These borrowings are expected to conform to norms and conditions put forth by the RBI.
ECBs have been of great help in raising funds from beyond India’s borders, especially for bringing in fresh investments. As of today, there exist two paths to raise funds by employing ECBs- the approval route, and the automatic route. There are eligibility rules for availing of finance under the automatic route. These regulations are in relation to amounts, industry, the end-use of the funds, etc. If the firm meets these eligibility criteria; funds can be raised without the need for approval from RBI. However, the full documentation must be made available to the bank before bringing in the funds. The approval route, on the other hand, mandates an explicit permission from RBI, prior to raising funds through External Commercial Borrowing. The RBI has issued circulars and formal guidelines,